Grammar is a bidirectional system that links forms and meanings together so it is speaker-oriented as well as listener-oriented. The text, as the product of this system, is also bidirectional. In this paper, using the data of two screenplays by Asghar Farhadi, in the framework of Blutner's bidirectional optimization (1998, 2000) and its reinforcement by Sperber and Wilson’ s relevance theory (1995), we studied Persian discourse markers. We used the amount of cognitive effects and the time to reach them as constraints in OPTIMALITY and presented a new definition of the discourse markers. It was found that discourse markers lead to the production of optimal relevance by producing context through presupposition, guiding the audience to achieve cognitive effects and reducing the processing time of cognitive effects. We concluded that OPTIMALITY in text is the result of applying the optimization process to the text production and interpretation simultaneously and bidirectionaly.

Word-formation is vital issue in morphology and reduplication has been one of the productive sub-branches in word-formation domain. Since reduplication is found in most human languages, it has been analyzed and explained from different theories and perspectives. OPTIMALITY Theory is one of these theories that seeks to explore the commonalities of different languages and dialects. The present study also analyzes and describes reduplication process in Shushtari dialect, one of the subbranches of Bakhtiari dialect belonging to the New Iranian southwestern languages, within the Optimal Correspondence Theory framework. The research methodology was descriptive-analytical and linguistic data were gathered from Shushtari Dialect texts, dictionaries as well as daily conversations of the NORM speakers of Shushtar. In data analysis, one of the authors who was a native speaker of this dialect also used her own knowledge. The data analysis indicated in Shushtari, reduplication was divided into different kinds of total and partial reduplication and total reduplication itself was divided into two types, middle and final. Partial reduplication process was also seen in both prefix and suffix forms in Shushtari dialect. Then, the limitations related to each of the processes were identified and according to the structural patterns, the related constraints of each process were identified and ranked in in the OPTIMALITY tables. The findings of the present paper showed the efficiency of OPTIMALITY Theory in the analysis of various kinds of reduplication. Based on the findings, it was also found how in formation of various types of reduplication in Shushtari dialect, the specific markedness and faithfulness constraints were followed by a special hierarchy in this process.

In this paper we study fuzzy multiobjective optimization problems defined for n variables. Based on a new p-dimensional fuzzy stationary-point definition, necessary efficiency CONDITIONs are obtained. And we prove that these CONDITIONs are also sufficient under new fuzzy generalized convexity notions. Furthermore, the results are obtained under general differentiability hypothesis.

This paper provides an OPTIMALITY-Theoretic account of dissimilation in standard Persian as well as some other accents and dialects of Persian. As such, this work starts by introducing OPTIMALITY Theory (henceforth OT) and its basic concepts and then it investigates dissimilation in this framework. It argues for the superiority of OT over derivational approaches regarding a case in which both dissimilation and assimilation, with no clear feeding order, are involved.